A promise or contract to do or perform a specified act or acts or to pay a penalty for failure to perform; usually guaranteed by a "surety" who promises to pay if the "principal" defaults, or by a deposit of money as a "cash bond." If the principal defaults, the surety has to pay, and the surety can then collect from the principal.

To send a case back to the court from which it came for further proceedings.

Evidence that is offered to the Court to obtain a ruling on its admissibility.